Over 1,500 video clips of fetal malformation and gynaecological pathology will be presented over 2 days.  There will be a specific focus on fetal cardiac diagnosis and CNS malformation. In an effort to bring home the sonographic features of cardiac malformation sequences  ultrasound video clips will be matched side by side with the high magnification, high definition morphology video clips.  This provides the opportunity for greater understanding of the sonographic appearances and pathogenesis of subtle and major cardiac malformation. By way of example a number of video clips are presented below.

This video clip demonstrates a muscular VSD on duplex with colour Doppler examination on the right and B-mode on the left.  A wash of colour is noted crossing the septum on colour alone.  Remarkably the B-mode image on the left demonstrates an apparently intact intraventricular septum.  The sonographic approach to diagnosis of various types of VSD’s will be presented at the meeting.  Particular emphasis will be placed on the colour Doppler settings which help identify these subtle lesions. The video clip on the left demonstrates the morphological appearances of a muscular defect.

This video clip demonstrates a discordance in the ventricular chambers on the four chamber view of the heart.  This 4 chamber finding leads to the diagnosis or coarctation of the aorta.  The left ventricle appears small and the right ventricle enlarged.
Asymmetry of the ventricular chambers is further highlighted using high definition flow (HD flow).  High definition flow is of greater value in this setting as it gives more complete ventricular fill when compared to colour Doppler.  HD flow has a composition of approximately 80% power and 20% directional information. The video clip on the left demonstrates the morphological appearances of aortic coarctation.

A practical guide on how to use 3D& 4D ultrasound in every day practice will be presented during this lecture series. These two video clips demonstrate rendering of the atrio-ventricular valves.  Imagine yourself sitting inside the right atrium and left atrium looking down on top of the AV valves.  The rendered image demonstrates what you would see.  Note the upper AV valve contains three cusps (tricuspid valve) and the lower AV valve two cusps (mitral valve). 

This clip shows a complete AV canal defect. The four chamber view of heart is otherwise normal. The video clip on the left demonstrates the morphological appearances of the same anomaly.

Glass Body- VSD

Two video clips are presented.  The video clip on the right demonstrates a normal heart with an intact intra-ventricular septum.  In contrast the left clip demonstrates a muscular VSD.  Scrolling through the 3D volume reveals flow in both directions across the septum. The significance of uni-directional versus bi-directional VSD’s will be discussed during this meeting.

Glass Body Render  Reveals VSD Turbulence

These 2 video clips demonstrate a muscular VSD on colour Doppler examination (left clip) and 3D examination glass body (right clip).  Note scrolling through the volume reveals turbulence across the defect.

These 2 video clips demonstrate 3D glass body assessment of the outflow tracts in a patient with hypoplastic left heart (left clip) compared to a normal heart (right video clip).  In the left clip forward flow (blue) is seen along the pulmonary artery whereas reversal of flow is seen along the arterial duct and transverse aorta (red).  This is the typical 3D 'glass body' finding of the great vessels in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.  This contrasts with normal forward flow in both of the main arteries (pulmonary and aorta) shown in the right clip (blue in both vessels).